规模化畜禽养殖场粪便中多重耐药菌分离鉴定及其耐药特征

为了解禽畜粪便中多重耐药菌的污染特征,本研究对鸡粪、牛粪、猪粪和有机肥这4种不同样品中多重耐药菌进行了计数分析,并对不同来源的多重耐药菌株进行了分离和纯化,进一步开展了基于16S rDNA序列比对的分子生物学鉴定以确定其种属地位,以及基于药敏试验的耐药性特征分析。结果表明:不同养殖动物粪便中四环素、恩诺沙星、磺胺甲恶唑和泰乐菌素4种抗生素多重耐药菌的绝对数量和相对数量排序均为鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪,粪源有机肥中可培养的多重耐药菌的绝对数量和相对数量在堆肥后均有所下降。通过对耐药菌株鉴定和分类学分析,发现禽畜粪便中多耐药菌的菌门集中分布在Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Actinobacteria,多重耐药菌的优势菌属为Escherichia、Corynebacterium、Kurthia;而有机肥样品中多重耐药菌的优势菌属为Staphylococcus、Glutamicibacter。菌株的药敏试验表明,3类动物粪污中的多重耐药菌都对红霉素、四环素有着较高的耐药率,均高于80%,而对阿米卡星这种抗生素表现出较好的敏感性,其耐药率低于30%。通过对Ⅰ、Ⅱ类整合子基因盒的扩增,发现PCR产物的大小从0.8 kb到1.8 kb不等,基因盒ad A2、dfr A17、dfr A1及sat2在养殖场粪污中检出率均较高。     

上海动物园游客保护教育需求及满意度调查

本研究利用问卷调查收集了上海动物园游客类型与特征、游园目的、游客游览时获得野生动物科普知识的途径、游客对现有科普活动的评价、对科普教育的需求、游客满意度、意见与建议等,并进行了研究。结果表明,大部分(66.02%)游客为本市居民和暂居本市的中青年。近9成(89.51%)游客携带孩子游览动物园,其中超过半数(52.34%)为父母与孩子共同出行。游客游园目的主要为观看动物、游玩娱乐和让孩子学习动物知识。观察动物和阅读动物科普说明牌是游客学习动物科普知识的主要途径。互动类和深度游类项目,是游客最愿意参加的活动类型。游客更希望园方从动物科普设施、饲养员讲解、志愿者讲解这3方面提升其教育功能。总体而言,游客对上海动物园感到满意,超过半数(53.81%)表示很满意。具体而言,动物说明牌的满意度最高,其次是路面状况和路标指示牌。基于研究结果,提出以下建议:提升科普活动的内涵和互动性;提升游园体验,延长游览时间;寻找迎合和引导的平衡;完善基础设施。     

中国古老月季品种远缘及品种间杂交亲和性评价

以5份中国古老月季品种、3份野生蔷薇和22份现代月季品种为试材,采用常规人工授粉杂交方法,同时结合花粉活力及倍性测定情况,研究了古老月季远缘和品种间的杂交亲和性,筛选出了高亲和性的杂交亲本,以期为中国古老月季的杂交育种、亲本选择提供参考依据.结果 表明:古老月季品种间杂交亲和性最高,所配组合的杂交成功率达87.50％,古老月季与野生蔷薇、现代月季的远缘杂交亲和性也较高,所配组合的杂交成功率均高于50％,说明古老月季远缘和品种间的杂交亲和性均较好,因此,在杂交工作中,选用古老月季作为亲本材料有较好的杂交亲和效果;古老月季杂交亲和性与花粉活力、亲本倍性,正反交等因素相关,选择月季亲本时要综合考虑各因素,以提高月季杂交的成功率;结合远缘杂交、品种间杂交以及人工授粉结实情况,筛选出适合做母本的古老月季品种为"大花香水""小花香水""月月红",适合做父本的月季品种为"金樱子""可爱的绿".     

基于InDel分子标记的云南地方稻籼粳属性与表型性状相关分析

[目的]明确云南地方稻资源的籼粳属性及籼粳基因频率与表型性状间的相关性,为有效利用云南地方稻资源改良水稻品种提供理论依据.[方法]利用39对InDel籼粳特异性标记对来自云南12个地州69个县区的406份云南地方稻资源进行籼粳属性分析,通过计算云南地方稻资源在39个InDel位点上的籼粳基因频率,确定其籼粳类型;并对倒伏性、芒长、颖尖色、谷粒形状、株高、穗颈长、穗长、有效穗数、剑叶长、剑叶宽、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、千粒重、结实率、谷粒长和谷粒宽等18个表型性状进行调查,分析籼粳基因频率与表型性状的相关性.[结果]406份云南地方稻资源中有303份籼型稻(典型籼稻、籼稻和偏籼),占74.63%,其中典型籼稻77份、籼稻214份、偏籼12份;中间型资源11份,占2.71%;粳型稻(典型粳稻、粳稻和偏粳)有92份,占22.66%,其中典型粳稻36份、粳稻54份、偏粳2份.籼粳基因频率与表型性状的相关分析结果表明,粳型基因频率与穗颈长、谷粒宽、芒长、穎尖色、穗长、剑叶长、每穗总粒数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、谷粒长和谷粒形状等11个表型性状呈极显著相关(P<0.01,下同),其中与谷粒宽(r=0.374)的正相关性最高,与谷粒形状(r=-0.429)的负相关性最高.[结论]云南地方稻资源存在明显的籼粳分化,InDel分子指数法所划分的7种籼粳类型在406份资源中均有出现,且其籼粳属性的分化与多个表型性状存在极显著相关性,尤其与谷粒宽(极显著正相关)和谷粒形状(极显著负相关)的相关性最高.因此,利用云南地方稻资源进行籼、粳稻定向改良及选育时应综合考虑谷粒宽和谷粒形状2个表型性状.     

试验统计方法课程教学改革探索与实践

介绍了试验统计方法课程的基本理论体系和教学目标,指出了试验统计方法课程教学中存在的主要问题,并提出了课程教学改革理念及思路,以为试验统计方法课程教学改革提供参考。     

卧式泵站直管式出水流道型线变化水力性能数值模拟

基于不可压缩流体的连续性方程和雷诺时均N-S方程,采用CFD技术对卧式泵站直管式出水流道进行数值模拟计算,通过改变出水流道型线,分析出水流道内部流动特性及水力损失影响。研究表明,出水流道当断面形状设计为圆变方,在平面方向和立面方向均逐渐扩大的形式时,流道内流态最好;将进水流道断面在平面方向设计为先扩散后平直,而在立面方向均匀扩大的形式时,流态较好;而将断面在立面与平面方向均设计成先扩散后平直时,出水流道流态最差。     

具有风险相依结构的平衡信度估计

在保险实务中，风险之间具有一定的相依结构. 通过考虑保费的目标估计来对风险保费进行了研究，采用正交投影的方法求解了最优问题，在平衡损失函数下得到了风险等相关的齐次和非齐次信度估计. 结果表明得到的信度估计具有经典信度模型的加权形式.     

Effect of xeroderma pigmentosum group D gene on proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells induced by Ox-LDL

AIM: To investigate the effects of xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) gene on the proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). METHODS: The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/XPD was transfected into HUASMCs by liposome. The cells were divided into blank control group, pEGFP-N2 group, pEGFP-N2/XPD group, Ox-LDL group, Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2 group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group. The proliferation rate of the cells was detected by MTT and EdU assays. The apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of XPD, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with blank control group, the expression of XPD was increased in pEGFP-N2/XPD group (P<0.05). According to the results of MTT and EdU assays, the cell proliferation in pEGFP-N2/XPD group was reduced compared with blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with Ox-LDL group, the cell proliferation in Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group was significantly inhibited (P<0.05). According to the results of flow cytometry, the cell proportion of S phase decreased and the G₀/G₁-phase cell proportion increased significantly in pEGFP-N2/XPD group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group compared with blank control group and Ox-LDL group, repectively (P<0.05). Compared with blank control group and Ox-LDL group, the protein level of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 increased in pEGFP-N2/XPD group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: XPD inhibits the proliferation of HUASMCs and promotes their apoptosis, and reduces the promoting effect of Ox-LDL on the proliferation of HUVSMCs. XPD may be the target for treatment of atherosclerosis.     

Evaluation on Tolerance of Montmorillonite as a Mycotoxin Adsorbent

In order to study the tolerance dose of Kunming mice to montmorillonite as a mycotoxin adsorbent in diets,the experiment selected 60 healthy male Kunming mice with initial average body weight of (17±0.12)g,randomly divided them into 5 treatments with two replicates per group and 6 mice per replicate.Five experimental diets were added to 0 (control group),0.5%,1%,2% and 5% montmorillonite,respectively.After 30 days,the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,serum biochemical indices and internal organization were tested to determine the tolerance dose of montmorillonite for Kunming mice.The results showed that the ADFI was significantly increased in 0.5% group (P< 0.05),while there were no significant differences in ADFI and ADG between 1% group and control group (P> 0.05),then the ADFI was significantly decreased with the increasing of montmorillonite supplemental level (P< 0.05).The ADG in 2% group had no significant difference when compared with the control group (P> 0.05),while significantly lower than that in 0.5% and 1% groups (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of DM,CP and EE showed no significant effect at any level of montmorillonite (P> 0.05).Serum ALT,AST activities and MDA content were gradually increased with the montmorillonite supplemental level increasing,and that in 1%,2% and 5% groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P< 0.05),but there were no significant differences between 0.5% group and control group (P> 0.05).Tissue sections showed that mice livers were damaged in varying degrees when the montmorillonite supplemental level was 5%.In conclusion,based on a comprehensive consideration of all indexes,it could be seen that the tolerance dose of the tested montmorillonite for Kunming mice was between 0.5% and 2% when mycotoxin contents in diets were in security range.     

基于分段波形的信号瞬时频率计算方法

针对局部均值分解（Local Mean Decomposition，LMD）中乘积函数（Product Function，PF）分量的瞬时频率计算问题，引入了一种新的信号瞬时频率计算方法.该方法基于分段波形，先将信号分成若干个全波段（full wave），然后以一组递增的反正弦函数定义每个全波段的瞬时相位，进而得到信号的瞬时频率.由该方法得到的瞬时频率理论上是正的、稳定的并且能够确保信号局部特征信息的完整.应用该方法计算了仿真信号和实际齿轮故障振动信号的瞬时频率，并与其他方法求得的瞬时频率进行了对比.结果表明，本文方法非常适合求取信号的瞬时频率.